The Science of Sight Ed 11: Why Are My Eyes Sensitive to Light?

What Does It Mean to Have Eyes Sensitive to Light?

Light sensitivity, also known as photophobia, can be an uncomfortable and sometimes painful experience. If you find yourself squinting or avoiding bright lights, you may be wondering, “Why are my eyes sensitive to light?” Whether you’re experiencing occasional discomfort or constant sensitivity, understanding the reasons behind your eyes’ reaction to light can help you take steps toward relief.

When someone has eyes that are sensitive to light, it means that their eyes experience discomfort or pain when exposed to bright light sources. This sensitivity can range from mild discomfort in bright sunlight to an intense, painful reaction even to indoor lighting. Light sensitivity can make it difficult to focus, and some people may also experience headaches, eye strain, or a need to squint in order to alleviate the symptoms.

Sensitivity to light is not a condition in itself, but rather a symptom of an underlying issue. Identifying the cause of your light sensitivity is the first step in finding effective relief. While some cases of light sensitivity may be temporary, others may indicate an ongoing issue that requires medical attention.

Common Causes of Eyes Sensitive to Light

There are several reasons why your eyes might be sensitive to light. At OCL Vision, we’re experienced in diagnosing and treating a wide range of eye conditions that could be contributing to photophobia. Here are some of the most common causes:

Dry Eye Syndrome

Dry eye syndrome occurs when your eyes don’t produce enough tears or produce poor-quality tears. This can lead to irritation, redness, and sensitivity to light. When the eye’s surface lacks adequate moisture, it becomes more exposed and vulnerable to environmental factors like wind, dust, and bright lights. Treating dry eye syndrome can help reduce symptoms, including light sensitivity.

Migraines

Migraines are a common cause of photophobia, and many people who suffer from migraines report heightened light sensitivity during an attack. This is because migraines affect the brain’s processing of visual signals, making light sources feel excessively bright and uncomfortable. In some cases, sensitivity to light can even trigger a migraine. If you experience frequent migraines, managing them with lifestyle adjustments and medication can help alleviate associated light sensitivity.

Eye Infections and Inflammation

Eye infections, such as conjunctivitis (pink eye) or uveitis, can lead to light sensitivity. Conjunctivitis causes inflammation of the conjunctiva, which can make the eyes red, itchy, and more sensitive to light. Uveitis, which is inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, can cause pain, redness, and extreme sensitivity. Treating the underlying infection or inflammation typically helps relieve light sensitivity symptoms.

Corneal Abrasions and Injuries

The cornea, the clear outer layer of the eye, is sensitive to damage. Scratches, abrasions, or other injuries to the cornea can make your eyes particularly sensitive to light while they heal. If you suspect a corneal injury, it’s essential to seek prompt treatment to prevent infection and support healing, which can reduce light sensitivity over time.

Eye Conditions and Diseases

Certain eye conditions, such as cataracts, glaucoma, and retinal disorders, can increase sensitivity to light. Cataracts cause clouding of the eye’s lens, which can make glare more intense and uncomfortable. Retinal conditions, such as retinitis pigmentosa or macular degeneration, can also lead to photophobia as they affect the retina’s ability to process light. Managing these conditions can help reduce light sensitivity.

Contact Lens Irritation

Wearing contact lenses can sometimes irritate the eyes, especially if the lenses are not properly cleaned, worn for too long, or if they don’t fit correctly. This irritation can lead to dryness, discomfort, and sensitivity to light. Taking breaks from contact lenses and using lubricating eye drops can help reduce these symptoms.

Medications

Certain medications can increase sensitivity to light as a side effect. Common culprits include antibiotics, antihistamines, and some pain relievers. If you suspect that your medication is contributing to your light sensitivity, talk to your doctor. They may be able to adjust your dosage or recommend alternatives that are less likely to affect your eyes.

Eye Strain from Digital Devices

With the increased use of digital devices, many people experience eye strain, which can lead to light sensitivity. The blue light emitted by screens can cause discomfort, especially when staring at them for long periods without breaks. Practicing the 20-20-20 rule—looking away from your screen every 20 minutes at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds—can help reduce eye strain and associated light sensitivity.

When to Seek Help for Light Sensitivity

While occasional light sensitivity can be a normal response to bright light, ongoing or severe sensitivity may indicate an underlying issue. If you experience any of the following symptoms, it’s important to seek medical attention:

•  Persistent or severe sensitivity to light
•  Pain or discomfort in the eyes
•  Redness, swelling, or discharge
•  Blurred vision or difficulty focusing
•  Headaches that accompany light sensitivity

At OCL Vision, our experienced team can perform a comprehensive eye exam to determine the cause of your light sensitivity and recommend an appropriate treatment plan. We’ll review your symptoms, discuss your medical history, and use advanced diagnostic tools to assess your eye health.

Treatment Options for Eyes Sensitive to Light

Treatment for light sensitivity depends on its underlying cause. At OCL Vision, we offer a variety of treatments designed to provide relief and support long-term eye health:

Eye Drops and Lubricants - If your sensitivity is caused by dry eye syndrome, we may recommend lubricating eye drops or medications to help increase tear production and relieve discomfort.

Specialised Lenses - Photochromic lenses or tinted glasses can reduce glare and block harmful UV light, making it easier to be in bright environments without discomfort. For those with light-sensitive migraines, FL-41 tinted lenses are an effective option.

Medications - If inflammation or infection is the cause, we may prescribe medications, such as antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drops, to treat the condition and reduce sensitivity.

Lifestyle Adjustments - For patients with light sensitivity due to digital eye strain, adjusting screen settings, taking regular breaks, and reducing blue light exposure can help alleviate symptoms.

Contact OCL Vision for Expert Eye Care

If you’re struggling with light sensitivity, understanding the causes and exploring treatment options can bring relief and improve your quality of life. At OCL Vision, our team is dedicated to helping you achieve optimal eye health through personalised, compassionate care. Contact us today to schedule an eye exam and learn more about how we can help you manage light sensitivity and protect your vision.