The Science Of Sight (Ed 12): What is Pink Eye and How Does It Affect You?

What is Pink Eye?

Pink eye, also known as conjunctivitis, is a common eye condition that causes the whites of the eyes to become red, itchy, and inflamed. While it may sound alarming, pink eye is usually mild and treatable. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for pink eye can help you take quick action and relieve discomfort.

Whether you’re experiencing symptoms or simply curious about this common condition, we’ve got you covered.

Pink eye, medically known as conjunctivitis, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, clear tissue that lines the inside of the eyelid and covers the white part of the eye. When the blood vessels in the conjunctiva become inflamed, they’re more visible, causing the eye to appear pink or red. Pink eye is usually accompanied by symptoms such as itching, tearing, and discharge, which can make the eyes feel sore and uncomfortable.

Pink eye can affect one or both eyes and is generally not serious. However, some forms of conjunctivitis are highly contagious, so it’s important to understand how to manage symptoms and prevent its spread to others.

Types of Pink Eye

There are several types of pink eye, each with different causes and symptoms. At OCL Vision, we can help you determine the type of conjunctivitis you’re experiencing and recommend the best treatment options. Here’s a look at the main types of pink eye:

Viral Conjunctivitis

Viral conjunctivitis is caused by a virus, most commonly the same virus responsible for the common cold. This type of pink eye is highly contagious and can spread easily through direct or indirect contact with an infected person. Viral conjunctivitis often starts in one eye, but it may spread to the other eye as well. Symptoms include watery discharge, sensitivity to light, and swollen eyelids.

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Bacterial conjunctivitis is caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae. This type of pink eye can also spread easily, particularly in close-contact environments. Bacterial conjunctivitis typically causes a thick, yellow or greenish discharge, which may crust over the eyelashes, especially after sleeping. This type of pink eye is more common in children and can affect one or both eyes.

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis occurs when allergens such as pollen, pet dander, or dust mites cause an allergic reaction in the eyes. This type of pink eye is not contagious and often affects both eyes. Allergic conjunctivitis is characterised by intense itching, watery discharge, and swollen eyelids. It’s more common in people with other allergy symptoms, such as sneezing or a runny nose.

Chemical Conjunctivitis

Chemical conjunctivitis results from exposure to irritating substances, such as smoke, chlorine in swimming pools, or household cleaning products. This type of pink eye is not contagious and is usually resolved once the irritant is removed. Symptoms may include redness, burning, and tearing.

Symptoms of Pink Eye

The symptoms of pink eye can vary depending on the cause, but common symptoms include:

• Redness in one or both eyes
• Itching or a gritty feeling in the eyes
• Excessive tearing
• Discharge that may form a crust on the eyelashes, especially in the morning
• Swelling of the eyelids
• Sensitivity to light

While pink eye is generally mild, some cases may cause significant discomfort. If you experience severe symptoms, such as pain, blurred vision, or intense redness, it’s important to seek medical attention, as these could be signs of a more serious condition.

Causes of Pink Eye

Pink eye can be caused by viruses, bacteria, allergens, or irritants. Understanding the cause can help determine the most effective treatment. Here are some common causes of pink eye:

Viral Infections - Viruses, especially adenoviruses, are a common cause of pink eye. Viral conjunctivitis can also accompany respiratory infections, such as the common cold or flu.

Bacterial Infections - Bacteria can enter the eye through contact with contaminated surfaces, sharing personal items, or poor hand hygiene.

Allergens - Allergic reactions to pollen, pet dander, or mould can trigger allergic conjunctivitis. Seasonal allergies can increase the likelihood of developing pink eye.

Chemical Irritants - Substances like chlorine, smoke, and cleaning products can irritate the eyes, leading to chemical conjunctivitis.

Treatment Options for Pink Eye

Treatment for pink eye depends on its cause. While some types resolve on their own, others may require medication. At OCL Vision, we’re here to guide you through the best treatment options for relief:

Viral Conjunctivitis Treatment

Unfortunately, there’s no specific cure for viral conjunctivitis, but the symptoms usually resolve within one to two weeks. To relieve discomfort, you can use artificial tears, apply a cool compress to the affected eye, and avoid touching or rubbing your eyes. It’s essential to practice good hygiene, as this type of pink eye is highly contagious.

Bacterial Conjunctivitis Treatment

Bacterial conjunctivitis often requires antibiotic eye drops or ointments to help clear the infection. Symptoms typically improve within a few days of starting antibiotics. It’s important to follow your doctor’s instructions and complete the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the infection is fully resolved.

Allergic Conjunctivitis Treatment

For allergic conjunctivitis, over-the-counter or prescription allergy medications can help relieve symptoms. Antihistamine eye drops, oral antihistamines, or anti-inflammatory eye drops may be recommended to reduce itching and redness. Avoiding known allergens can also help prevent flare-ups.

Chemical Conjunctivitis Treatment

If chemical exposure causes pink eye, flush your eyes immediately with water and remove any contact lenses if you’re wearing them. In most cases, the symptoms will subside once the irritant is removed. For persistent irritation, visit an eye care professional for further evaluation and treatment.

Preventing the Spread of Pink Eye

If you or someone you know has pink eye, follow these steps to prevent its spread:

• Wash your hands regularly with soap and water.
• Avoid touching or rubbing your eyes.
• Don’t share towels, pillowcases, or makeup.
• Dispose of tissues and other contaminated items properly.
• Avoid close contact with others until symptoms have resolved.

Contact OCL Vision for Expert Care

Whilst most cases of Pink Eye go away after time or medications, in rare cases, Pink Eye can cause permanent damage to the cornea, affecting your vision. If you have been told your cornea has been damaged due to conjunctivitis, our team at OCL Vision is here to provide compassionate, professional care. Our eye care specialists can help recommend an effective treatment plan and surgery options. Don’t let the lasting damage from pink eye cause you discomfort or disrupt your daily life—contact OCL Vision today to schedule an appointment and get the relief you need. Let us help you protect your eye health and enjoy clear, comfortable vision.