Understanding Glaucoma: types, assessment and treatments

What is glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders that cause progressive damage to the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. If untreated, glaucoma can lead to irreversible vision loss and is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Early detection is crucial for managing the condition and preventing vision loss.

Types of glaucoma

Open-angle glaucoma

The most common type, often detected during routine eye tests. It typically progresses slowly and may not present symptoms initially.

Closed-angle glaucoma

Characterised by a sudden increase in eye pressure due to a blocked drainage angle. This type requires immediate medical attention if symptoms occur.

For more detailed information on open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma, please visit our specific knowledge base page.

Symptoms of glaucoma

Glaucoma often develops without noticeable symptoms, especially in its early stages. When symptoms do appear, they can include peripheral vision loss, eye pain, redness, blurred vision, and headaches. Prompt treatment is essential for managing the disease effectively.

Prevention and monitoring

Early detection through regular eye check-ups is key to preventing significant damage. If diagnosed, regular follow-up appointments are necessary to monitor and manage eye pressure.

Measuring eye pressure

• Non-contact tonometry: Uses an air puff to measure eye pressure but can be less accurate.
• Goldmann tonometry: Provides a more precise measurement and is commonly used by eye specialists.

Glaucoma assessment

Diagnosis involves a series of tests including medical history review, slit lamp examination, imaging of the optic nerve, and visual field tests. These help in evaluating the extent of the disease and planning appropriate treatment.

Treatment options

• Topical eye drops: Commonly prescribed to manage eye pressure.
• Oral medication: Used for severe cases but not for long-term use.
• Laser treatment: Several types are available depending on the glaucoma type and severity.
• Surgical treatment: Creates new pathways for fluid drainage to lower eye pressure.

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