Cataracts: causes and treatments

What is a cataract?

A cataract is the clouding of the eye’s natural crystalline lens, leading to misty or blurry vision. The term “cataract” is derived from the Greek word “cataracti,” meaning waterfall, reflecting the vision impairment it causes. Cataracts develop gradually, affecting light transmission to the retina and consequently, how we see.

Cataract symptoms

Cataracts often develop slowly, with symptoms becoming more noticeable over time. Key symptoms include:

• Cloudy or misty vision
• Fading or dullness of colours
• Increased sensitivity to light and glare
• Double vision in one eye
• Frequent changes in glasses prescription

Testing for cataracts

If you suspect you have cataracts, an eye specialist will perform several tests to diagnose the condition. These may include:

• Visual acuity test: Measures how well you see at various distances.
• Slit-lamp examination: Provides a magnified view of the eye structures.
• Pupil dilation: Enlarges the pupils to examine the lens and retina.

Causes of cataracts

While ageing is the primary cause, several factors can increase the risk of developing cataracts:

• Age: Most common in older individuals
• UV exposure: Prolonged exposure to sunlight
• Genetics: Family history of cataracts
• Steroid use: Long-term use of corticosteroids
• Ocular inflammation: Eye conditions causing inflammation
• Diabetes: Increases risk
• Smoking and alcohol: Both can contribute to cataract development

Types of cataracts

There are three main types of cataracts:

• Cortical cataract: Affects the lens's outer layers.
• Nuclear cataract: Develops in the centre (nucleus) of the lens.
• Posterior Sub-Capsular Cataract: Forms at the back of the lens, common in diabetics.

Prevention tips

While cataracts are often unavoidable, you can reduce your risk by:

• Quitting smoking
• Wearing UV-protective sunglasses
• Limiting alcohol intake
• Managing diabetes with a healthy lifestyle
• Regular eye exams to monitor eye health

Cataract treatment

The only effective treatment for cataracts is surgical removal. This involves removing the clouded lens and replacing it with an artificial lens. Cataract surgery is highly successful and commonly performed as a day procedure under local anaesthetic.

To learn more about cataract surgery, please visit the procedure page here.

Advanced cataract surgery

We offer Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery, which uses advanced laser technology for precise incisions and cataract removal. This method enhances accuracy and reduces manual intervention.

To learn more about FemtoSecond Cataract surgery, please visit the procedure page here.

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